Which of the following demographic factors is least likely to influence voter turnout?

Political ideology is considered least likely to influence voter turnout when compared to the other demographic factors listed. While political ideology does play a role in shaping political beliefs and preferences, it does not have as direct an effect on whether individuals actually go out to vote.

Age, educational attainment, and party affiliation have all been shown through research to have significant statistical correlations with voter turnout. For example, older individuals tend to vote at higher rates than younger individuals. Similarly, those with higher levels of education are often more likely to participate in elections, as education can enhance awareness of political issues and engagement. Party affiliation is also critical because it can mobilize voters; individuals who identify with a political party often feel a strong obligation to vote for their candidates.

In contrast, while political ideology can influence whom individuals vote for, it does not necessarily compel them to vote at all. Individuals may hold strong ideological beliefs but still choose not to participate in elections for a variety of reasons, including apathy or disillusionment with the political system. Therefore, among the listed demographic factors, political ideology proves to be less significant in affecting voter turnout directly.