Which of the following is NOT a factor states consider when making voter qualification laws?

When analyzing the factors that states consider when making voter qualification laws, it is essential to recognize the constitutional and legal implications surrounding voter discrimination. Race and gender equality in voting are pivotal concerns, as laws are crafted to ensure that all citizens, regardless of race or gender, have equal access to the ballot. This stems from historical movements and legislation, such as the Voting Rights Act, which aimed to eliminate barriers that disenfranchised minority groups.

Citizenship requirements also play a critical role, as only citizens are afforded the right to vote in the United States. This aligns with the foundational principles of democratic governance, where the right to participate in elections is reserved for citizens who possess legal standing in the country.

In contrast, income-based eligibility is not commonly considered a legitimate factor when determining voter qualifications. While some discussions may exist around socioeconomic status and its impact on voter turnout, legally, there are no income qualifications for voting. Such an approach would conflict with the principles of equal access and could lead to inequalities, thus making it an untenable factor in formulating voter qualification laws.